Air raid alerts
Alerts are issued by oblast and can sound several times a day. Install an official alert app before arriving, learn where the nearest shelter is at every place you stay, and treat metro stations as the reliable option in cities that have them.
Warning time varies from several minutes for cruise missiles to almost none for ballistic ones in border regions. Do not go outside to watch — falling debris and interceptor fragments cause casualties.
Getting in, martial law and leaving
Civil aviation is suspended. Entry is by land from Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania or Moldova, and queues at the border can run to many hours. Rail is the safest and most reliable way to move once inside.
Martial law is in force: a nationwide curfew applies, checkpoints are routine, and photographing military sites, air defence or the results of strikes can lead to detention. Ukrainian men aged 18–60, including dual nationals, are generally barred from leaving the country.